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Intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases.

Myung-Gyu Kim1, Jihyun Yang1, Sang-Kyung Jo1

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The gut microbiota significantly impacts kidney health by influencing inflammation and metabolism. Targeting this kidney-gut interaction offers a promising therapeutic strategy for kidney diseases.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut harbors vast microbial communities that engage in symbiotic interactions with the host, influencing overall health.
  • High-throughput sequencing advances enable deeper understanding of gut microbiota composition and function.
  • Emerging evidence links gut microbiota dysbiosis to various kidney conditions, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and kidney diseases.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences kidney function and disease progression.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the kidney-gut axis in nephrology.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of studies investigating the gut microbiome in kidney disease.
  • Analysis of findings from animal models and human clinical trials.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the impact of microbiota on intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota plays a critical role in modulating inflammation, metabolism, and immune responses relevant to kidney health.
  • Alterations in gut microbial composition are associated with chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and kidney transplantation.
  • The kidney-gut axis significantly influences the onset and progression of kidney diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is an integral component of host physiology with profound effects on kidney function.
  • Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
  • Modulating the gut microbiota represents a promising therapeutic avenue for kidney disease management.