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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Cholangitis is bile duct inflammation, classified as acute or chronic based on duration.
  • Causes include mechanical obstruction (acute) and immune-mediated damage (chronic).
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, lab tests, and various imaging modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of common cholangitis types.
  • To emphasize clinical experience with chronic cholestatic liver diseases.
  • To detail the diagnostic work-up for cholangitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of medical history and clinical presentation.
  • Initial laboratory tests and imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT, and MRCP.
  • Endoscopic ultrasound, retrograde cholangiography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography for specific interventions.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound is the first-line imaging for bile duct dilatation.
  • MRCP offers excellent anatomical and functional information for biliary disorders.
  • Work-up pace is guided by cholestasis severity, with immediate action for sepsis or Charcot's triad.

Conclusions:

  • Cholangitis diagnosis and management vary based on acuity and cause.
  • Advanced imaging like MRCP is crucial for detailed biliary assessment.
  • This review highlights clinical insights into chronic cholestatic liver diseases.