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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

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Published on: February 6, 2019
Therapeutics for paediatric oncological emergencies.
Karen Ka Yan Leung1, Kam Lun Hon1, Wun Fung Hui1
1Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong.
Paediatric oncological emergencies require vigilant recognition and prompt management to reduce complications and improve outcomes. Early intervention in conditions like tumour lysis syndrome and sepsis is crucial for better quality of life in young cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Paediatric Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Cancer survival rates have improved, but modern treatments lead to complications.
- Paediatric oncological emergencies present unique challenges.
- This review focuses on pathophysiology, presentation, and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated narrative review of common paediatric oncological emergencies.
- To detail the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and management strategies.
- To emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Extensive PubMed search of English literature.
- Focused on clinical trials and reviews for ages 0-18 years.
- Included keywords for various oncologic emergencies (e.g., tumour lysis syndrome, sepsis).
Main Results:
- Systematic description of general presentation and management.
- Early recognition and prompt treatment reduce complications.
- Improved clinical outcomes, survival rates, and quality of life are achievable.
Conclusions:
- Paediatric oncological emergencies are associated with significant mortality and morbidity.
- Healthcare professionals must remain vigilant for these conditions.
- Proactive management is key to improving patient outcomes.
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