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Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
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Visualizing Protein-DNA Interactions in Live Bacterial Cells Using Photoactivated Single-molecule Tracking
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Diffusive protein interactions in human versus bacterial cells.

Sarah Leeb1, Therese Sörensen1, Fan Yang1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories of Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.

Current Research in Structural Biology
|July 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular environments control protein interactions. Mammalian cells offer more tolerance to protein surface mutations than bacterial cells due to lower protein concentration, impacting evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular interiors are crowded environments where protein interactions are actively regulated.
  • Protein surface properties like hydrophobicity and charge influence these interactions and cellular adaptation.
  • Organism-specific intracellular constraints lead to variations in these regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diffusive behavior of bacterial and human proteins in both bacterial (Escherichia coli) and human (mammalian) cytosols.
  • To investigate how variations in intracellular constraints affect protein dynamics and interactions.
  • To understand the role of cellular protein concentration in modulating protein diffusion and surface property sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in-cell Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation techniques.
  • Compared the diffusive and rotational behavior of proteins across different cellular environments.
  • Analyzed the impact of surface-charge mutations on protein dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Proteins exhibiting restricted movement ('sticking') in E. coli showed less restriction in mammalian cells.
  • Rotational diffusion in mammalian cytosol was less sensitive to surface-charge mutations compared to E. coli.
  • Observed a 6-fold difference in protein concentrations between the tested cytosols, correlating with observed differences in protein dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian cytosol is more tolerant to alterations in protein surface properties than E. coli cytosol.
  • Differences in protein dynamics are primarily linked to cellular protein concentration rather than proteome properties alone.
  • The adaptable mammalian cytosol provides a broader evolutionary scope for random protein mutations compared to bacteria.