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Processing Chitosan for Preparing Chitosan-Functionalized Nanoparticles by Polyelectrolyte Adsorption.

Brian K Wilson¹, Robert K Prud'homme¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|July 8, 2021

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Chitosan nanoparticles improve drug delivery. Processing chitosan to 99% deacetylation is crucial for stable, cationic nanoparticles, preventing aggregation in gastrointestinal applications.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Chitosan-coated nanoparticles show potential for enhancing therapeutic delivery in the gastrointestinal tract.
Characterizing chitosan polymer properties is key to optimizing nanoparticle formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze chitosan-coated nanoparticles, focusing on the characterization of chitosan polymer properties.
To determine the optimal processing of chitosan for stable nanoparticle formation.

Main Methods:

Production of cationic nanoparticles by adsorbing chitosan hydrochloride (HCl) onto anionic polyacrylic acid (PAA) coated primary nanoparticles.
Processing commercially available chitosan (90% deacetylated) to a nearly completely deacetylated HCl salt form (99% deacetylation).

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Characterization of nanoparticle stability, ζ-potential, and hydrodynamic diameter at a 1:2 molar ratio of chitosan glucosamine HCl to PAA acrylic acid monomers.

Main Results:

Chitosan HCl processing to 99% deacetylation is essential; otherwise, primary nanoparticle aggregation occurs.
Deacetylated chitosan HCl yields stable nanoparticles with a cationic ζ-potential (+35 mV).
The resulting nanoparticles maintain a hydrodynamic diameter within 10% of the original anionic particles.

Conclusions:

Optimized chitosan processing is critical for creating stable, cationic nanoparticles for drug delivery.
Chitosan-coated nanoparticles, when properly prepared, offer a viable system for gastrointestinal therapeutics.
The study highlights the importance of chitosan deacetylation degree in nanoparticle formulation and stability.