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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...

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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

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Published on: September 19, 2020

Interface Engineered Microcellular Magnetic Conductive Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams for Electromagnetic

Guolong Sang¹, Pei Xu², Tong Yan¹

¹Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|July 8, 2021

Summary

New composite foams using polyurethane (TPU), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nickel-coated CNTs (Ni@CNTs) show high electromagnetic interference shielding. These lightweight materials offer superior performance for advanced electronic applications.

Keywords:

Electromagnetic interference shielding Microcellular Nanocomposites Polyurethane

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Polymer Science

Background:

Developing lightweight materials with effective electromagnetic interference shielding is crucial for modern electronics.
Microcellular structures and conductive fillers significantly influence electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE).

Purpose of the Study:

To prepare novel lightweight microcellular composite foams with enhanced EMI SE.
To investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nickel-coated CNTs (Ni@CNTs), and polymerizable ionic liquid copolymer (PIL) on foam structure and shielding performance.

Main Methods:

Composite foams were fabricated using non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS).
The microcellular structure was controlled by regulating evaporation time.
The composition was varied using different ratios of TPU, CNTs, Ni@CNTs, and PIL.

Main Results:

The incorporation of PIL and Ni@CNTs refined the microcellular structure, leading to improved EMI SE.
The TPU/10CNTs/10Ni@CNTs/PIL foam achieved an SE of 69.9 dB, while TPU/20CNTs/PIL reached 53.3 dB.
The highest specific EMI SE values were 211.5 dB/(g cm⁻³) for TPU/10CNTs/10Ni@CNTs/PIL and 187.2 dB/(g cm⁻³) for TPU/20CNTs/PIL.

Conclusions:

The synergistic effect of interfacial polarization, conduction loss, and magnetic loss contributes to the high microwave attenuation.
Optimized composite foams offer excellent lightweight EMI shielding solutions.
The developed materials show promise for applications requiring effective electromagnetic interference protection.