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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Signaling network regulating osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells.

Sachin Thomas1, Bithiah Grace Jaganathan2

  • 1Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling
|July 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts via signaling pathways like BMP, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch. Understanding these pathways aids bone repair and regeneration therapies.

Keywords:
BMP signalingBone regenerationHedgehog signalingMechanotransductionNell signalingOsteogenesisStem cellsWnt signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Osteogenesis, or bone formation, is crucial for skeletal development and repair.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells.
  • This differentiation process is tightly regulated by the cellular microenvironment and various signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key signaling pathways regulating osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
  • To explore the cross-talk between these pathways during osteogenesis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating these pathways for bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and transcription factors activated by signaling cascades.
  • Discussion of therapeutic applications in bone repair.

Main Results:

  • Identified bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling as critical regulators.
  • Highlighted the intricate cross-talk between these pathways.
  • Emphasized the role of these pathways in activating osteo-lineage specific transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • Signaling pathways orchestrate MSCs' commitment to the osteogenic lineage.
  • Understanding pathway interactions is key to unlocking therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.
  • Targeting these pathways offers promising avenues for treating bone defects and diseases.