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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
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From native core micriobiome to milk-oriented microbiome.

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This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, comprising microorganisms in our body, is crucial for health. Its early development, influenced by factors like breastfeeding, shapes lifelong well-being and individual uniqueness.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human microbiome consists of all microorganisms within the body, defining individuals as holobionts.
  • Microbiota balance (eubiosis) is essential for health, while imbalance (dysbiosis) causes disease.
  • The microbiome contributes to unique human genetic identity, differentiating individuals beyond their DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of the early-life microbiome in human health.
  • To emphasize the impact of maternal and infant factors on microbiome development.
  • To underscore the significance of breastfeeding for establishing a healthy microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific understanding of the human microbiome.
  • Analysis of factors influencing microbiome formation in early life.
  • Exploration of the role of breast milk oligosaccharides in infant microbiome development.

Main Results:

  • The microbiome is established in the first 2-3 years of life, with a core microbiome persisting lifelong.
  • Maternal health, birth mode, and infant feeding practices significantly shape the early microbiome.
  • Breast milk contains specific oligosaccharides that nourish and guide the infant microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • The early-life microbiome is a critical determinant of lifelong health.
  • Breastfeeding plays a vital role in establishing a healthy microbiome, impacting overall well-being.
  • Promoting breastfeeding and oral hygiene is essential for harnessing the benefits of the microbiome.