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Engineering Vascularized Composite Allografts Using Natural Scaffolds: A Systematic Review
Elise Lupon1,2,3,4, Alexandre G Lellouch2,3,4,5, Aylin Acun3,6
1Department of Plastic Surgery, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|July 9, 2021
Summary
Decellularization and recellularization offer a promising approach to create immunogenic-free vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) for tissue repair. This emerging field requires further research into recellularization and transplantation for successful VCA outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
- Transplantation Immunology
Background:
- Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) replaces damaged tissues but faces challenges with immunosuppression and donor scarcity.
- Decellularization/recellularization aims to create immunogenic-free biological substitutes for VCA.
- This technology seeks to restore or improve tissue and organ function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review decellularization and recellularization techniques for vascular composite allografts.
- To evaluate decellularization protocols, scaffold assessment, and recellularization strategies.
- To identify research gaps and future directions in VCA tissue engineering.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted for decellularization/recellularization of composite tissue allografts.
- 11 relevant articles out of 88 were selected and analyzed.
- Studies were evaluated based on decellularization protocols, scaffold evaluation, and recellularization methods (in vitro and in vivo).
Main Results:
- Eleven articles reported decellularization of 12 vascular composite allografts across human, large animal, and rodent models.
- 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate was the common decellularization reagent.
- Immunological response and recellularization success require further investigation, though recellularization appears crucial for transplantation.
Conclusions:
- Decellularization/recellularization is a promising, emerging field for VCA.
- Further research is needed to optimize decellularization protocols and fully evaluate recellularized scaffolds.
- Successful VCA transplantation likely necessitates effective recellularization strategies.
