A Staged Approach for Contouring of Temporal Deformities Using Porous Polyethylene and Lipofilling

Many studies evaluated the effectiveness of a single reconstructive material during temporal cranioplasty, or in comparison to the outcome of another material. To our knowledge, no previous study evaluated a staged combination of reconstruction modalities during temporal cranioplasty. In a prospective interventional study, the authors combined high-density porous polyethylene (HDPP) implant insertion (stage I) with a following lipofilling session (stage II) in 8 patients scheduled for temporal cranioplasties. This two-staged approach was evaluated 6 months after each stage independently. The patients' satisfaction as regards the aesthetic outcome was evaluated through a 5-points Likert scale by the patients themselves. For every individual patient, this psychometric analysis was repeated by medical staff from other departments. Statistical analysis of the patients and medical staff satisfaction scores showed a statistically significant increase after the addition of lipofilling session (stage II) if compared to implant insertion only (stage I). Clinically, this outcome was maintained in a long-term follow-up ranged from 1 - 8 years. Nevertheless, 2 patients needed one more lipofilling session to obtain their satisfaction as regards the final aesthetic outcome. No other complications were recorded in this study. In conclusion, combining alloplastic and autogenous reconstruction modalities in a staged approach can suffice the reconstruction requirements for such temporal defects. After a long follow-up period, the insertion of high-density porous polyethylene implant with the addition of a following lipofilling session showed more evaluators' satisfaction in terms of the final aesthetic outcome.