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Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Have Lower Levels of Antibody to Heat-Stressed Fibroblast Derived Proteins,

Azin Aghamajidi1,2, Hesam Babaei Khameneh1, Narges Amirjamshidi1

  • 1Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Cardiovascular Therapeutics
|July 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Heat-stressed fibroblasts produce proteins that can be used to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD). Anti-heat shock protein (HSP) antibodies are higher in healthy individuals, suggesting a diagnostic role for these fibroblast-derived HSPs in CAD.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Cellular stress response is integral to coronary artery disease (CAD) pathophysiology.
  • Fibroblasts, comprising 60-70% of cardiac cells, are vital for cardiovascular function.
  • Targeting cellular stress offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of proteins derived from heat-stressed fibroblasts in CAD patients.
  • To analyze the immunogenic properties of fibroblast-derived heat shock proteins (HSPs) and their correlation with CAD.
  • To evaluate anti-HSP antibody levels as a potential biomarker for CAD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Fibroblasts were cultured under heat stress conditions.
  • Protein production was analyzed using SDS-PAGE and 2D electrophoresis.
  • Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels against HSPs were measured via ELISA in 50 CAD patients and 50 normal subjects.
  • Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using odds ratio and ROC analysis, comparing anti-HSP antibodies with exercise stress testing (EST).

Main Results:

  • Heat-stressed fibroblasts yielded higher total protein levels and exhibited a necrotic death pattern in 1.06% of cells.
  • A 70 kDa protein band was identified in stressed cell supernatants.
  • Anti-HSP antibody levels were significantly higher in non-CAD individuals compared to CAD patients (p < 0.05).
  • Anti-HSP antibodies demonstrated a specificity of 74% and sensitivity of 64% for CAD diagnosis, comparable to EST's 66% sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Fibroblast-derived HSPs show promise for CAD diagnosis and management through antibody detection.
  • Elevated anti-HSP antibodies in non-CAD individuals suggest a potential protective role or diagnostic marker.
  • Further research into fibroblast-derived HSPs could lead to novel clinical approaches for CAD.

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