Using Computed Tomography skeletal surveys to evaluate for occult bony injury in suspected non-accidental injury...

This case series summarises our institution's preliminary experience of using computed tomography skeletal surveys (CT-SS) for the assessment of infants with suspected non-accidental injury (NAI) who were unable to undergo radiographic skeletal surveys (SS). This paper describes our experience using CT-SS in terms of radiation doses achieved, occult bony injury detection and forensic utility.

Ten infants aged between two weeks and ten months underwent a CT-SS. The results of the CT-SS were compared with concurrent imaging results where available. Radiation doses from imaging procedures were calculated for each patient.

Six infants had abnormalities identified on CT-SS. Two patients had both an ante-mortem CT-SS and post-mortem imaging. All fractures identified on alternate imaging modalities were visible on at least one CT-SS reconstruction. The radiation dose associated with CT-SS imaging ranged from 0.73 to 1.46mSv.

The radiation dose received by the ten infants in this study was greater than the two skeletal survey approach but was less than the dose received during a bone scintigraphy examination, sometimes used to assess for occult bony injury in this setting. While CT-SS imaging results could not be compared with those obtained with current contemporaneous gold standard imaging techniques, CT-SS identified all fractures observed on the radiographic images where performed. CT-SS also identified additional rib fractures in two patients. Our preliminary findings indicate the need for future prospective studies to clarify the ability of CT-SS to detect metaphyseal fractures reliably.