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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Medication Adherence in Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.

Clara Both1, Konstantin Mechler1, Larissa Niemeyer1

  • 1Research Group of Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie
|July 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent medication adherence is often incomplete, with no link to socioeconomic factors. Parents struggle to accurately assess their child's treatment attitudes, highlighting a need for further research into adolescent perspectives.

Keywords:
AdoleszenzMedikamenten-AdhärenzPatienten-Eltern ÜbereinstimmungPsychopharmakaadolescencedemografische und sozioökonomische Faktorendemographic and socioeconomic factorsmedication adherencepatient-parent consensuspsychotropic medication

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adherence to psychotropic medication in adolescents with psychiatric disorders is crucial for treatment efficacy.
  • Understanding factors influencing adherence and parent-child agreement on treatment attitudes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adolescent psychotropic medication adherence and demographic/socioeconomic factors.
  • To assess the concordance between adolescent self-reports and parent assessments of attitudes toward treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the multicenter SEMA study.
  • Employed the Questionnaire on Attitudes Toward Treatment (QATT) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) (patient and parent versions).
  • Collected demographic and socioeconomic data from 75 adolescents.

Main Results:

  • 60% of adolescents achieved complete medication adherence.
  • Monotherapy was associated with higher adherence rates compared to combination therapy.
  • No significant association found between adherence and demographic or socioeconomic factors.
  • Slight to fair consensus (κ = 0.157–0.205) between adolescents and parents regarding treatment attitudes.

Conclusions:

  • Incomplete medication adherence is prevalent in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and requires further investigation.
  • Demographic and socioeconomic factors do not appear to influence adherence.
  • Adolescents' subjective treatment attitudes may be underestimated by parents, necessitating focused research.