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The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature
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Room temperature second sound in cumulene.

Claudio Melis1, Giorgia Fugallo2, Luciano Colombo1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy. claudio.melis@dsf.unica.it.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
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Summary

Second sound, a wave-like thermal transport, may occur in carbon chains (cumulenes) at room temperature. This study demonstrates its potential and measures its velocity, opening new avenues for thermal management research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Second sound describes wave-like thermal transport, typically observed only at cryogenic temperatures in specific materials.
  • Understanding thermal transport mechanisms at the nanoscale is crucial for developing advanced materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence of second sound in a micron-long carbon chain (cumulene) at room temperature.
  • To explore the conditions and methods for controlling thermal transport regimes in cumulene.

Main Methods:

  • Calibrating a many-body force field using first-principles calculations of phonon dispersion relations for cumulene.
  • Simulating laser-induced transient thermal grating experiments using molecular dynamics.
  • Employing theoretical methodologies including molecular dynamics, the Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte equation, and heat transport microscopic theory.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of second sound occurring in cumulene at room temperature.
  • Demonstration of reversible transitions between wave-like (second sound) and diffusive-like thermal transport by tuning temperature and spatial modulation.
  • Estimation of second sound velocity in cumulene ranging from 2.4 to 3.2 km s⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulene exhibits second sound at room temperature, challenging previous limitations.
  • Tunable thermal transport in cumulene offers potential for novel thermal management applications.
  • The findings provide a fundamental understanding of nanoscale heat transport in carbon-based materials.