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Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists are agents that interact with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft, preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Consequently, the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft increases. These agonists can be classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors based on their duration of action.
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists, such as synthetic choline esters and naturally occurring alkaloids, exert their effects by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. Synthetic choline esters share structural similarities with acetylcholine. For example, they have a positively charged quaternary ammonium or onium group, contributing to their hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, they are poorly absorbed in the body through oral...
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Structure of cholinium glycinate biocompatible ionic liquid at graphite electrode interface.

Aditya Gupta1, Harender S Dhattarwal1, Hemant K Kashyap1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
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Molecular dynamics simulations reveal cholinium glycinate biocompatible ionic liquid structures at graphite electrodes. Increased potential enhances ion density oscillations and ordering, suggesting battery electrolyte applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Biocompatible ionic liquids (bio-ILs) are promising for energy storage.
  • Understanding electrode-electrolyte interfaces is crucial for battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interfacial structure of cholinium glycinate bio-IL between graphite electrodes.
  • Analyze the effect of varying potential differences on the bio-IL structure and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Constant potential molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of number density profiles, tangential radial distribution functions, and orientational order parameters.
  • Calculation of differential capacitance.

Main Results:

  • Cation and anion densities oscillate near electrodes, with increased amplitude at higher potentials.
  • Cholinium cations show altered orientation and closer approach to the negative electrode.
  • Evidence of hydrogen bonding between cation hydroxyl groups and anion oxygens.
  • Positive charge density peak observed near the positive electrode.
  • Differential capacitance exhibits two constant regimes, indicating potential as battery electrolytes.

Conclusions:

  • The interfacial structure of cholinium glycinate bio-IL is significantly influenced by electrode potential.
  • The observed properties suggest suitability as electrolytes for advanced battery technologies.