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This study presents broadband constant beam pattern (CBP) acoustic arrays for consistent performance across frequencies. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations confirm CBP capabilities in cylindrical arrays, particularly in the horizontal plane.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Array Signal Processing
  • Wave Propagation

Background:

  • Constant beam pattern (CBP) arrays offer frequency-independent performance, crucial for advanced acoustic applications.
  • Cylindrical arrays are utilized in various sensing and communication systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive theoretical far-field acoustic beam pattern formulations for a cylindrical array.
  • To investigate the broadband CBP performance of such arrays.
  • To analyze the factors influencing vertical plane beam patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical derivation using Fourier series expansion, Fourier sine/cosine transform, and stationary phase method applied to the Helmholtz equation.
  • Analysis of beam patterns under far-field conditions with a large array radius to wavelength ratio.
  • Comparison of theoretical results with numerical simulations using Kirchhoff's integral.

Main Results:

  • Horizontal plane beam patterns exhibit broadband CBP performance when the array radius to wavelength ratio is large.
  • Vertical plane beam patterns are influenced by array aperture shading and asymptotic approximation residuals.
  • Theoretical predictions align well with numerical simulation results for directional beams.

Conclusions:

  • The derived formulations accurately predict the broadband CBP performance of cylindrical acoustic arrays.
  • The study validates the feasibility of achieving frequency-independent beam patterns in practical array designs.
  • This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing advanced acoustic systems with enhanced directional control.