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Multidimensional time-of-flight spectroscopy.

Zhenyu Ouyang1, Ninghao Zhou1, Meredith G McNamee1

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Summary
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A new multidimensional time-of-flight technique tracks carrier transport in photovoltaic cells. This method reveals that charge carriers in layered perovskite quantum wells are trapped, limiting long-range transport and impacting photocurrent generation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Carrier mobility is crucial for light-harvesting materials in photovoltaic cells.
  • Conventional time-of-flight experiments use a single laser pulse to measure carrier transit times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel multidimensional time-of-flight (MD-TOF) technique for enhanced carrier transport analysis.
  • Investigate carrier dynamics in organohalide perovskite quantum wells using MD-TOF.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a MD-TOF technique employing two laser pulses to track carrier transport dynamics.
  • Applied MD-TOF to layered perovskite photovoltaic cells with varying quantum well thicknesses.
  • Tuned laser wavelengths to excite specific material components based on electronic resonances.

Main Results:

  • MD-TOF successfully resolved carrier funneling between perovskite quantum wells of different thicknesses.
  • Data indicated carrier trapping inhibits long-range transport in these layered systems.
  • Photocurrent is primarily driven by carrier transport within the thickest quantum wells, not inter-well transitions.

Conclusions:

  • MD-TOF provides superior insights into carrier transport mechanisms compared to 1D techniques.
  • Carrier trapping in layered perovskites limits efficient charge extraction.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for optimizing perovskite solar cell performance.