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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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Axion-mediated electron-electron interaction in ytterbium monohydroxide molecule.

D E Maison1, L V Skripnikov1, A V Oleynichenko1

  • 1Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha, Leningrad region, Gatchina 188300, Russia.

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|July 9, 2021
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Summary

The YbOH molecule can reveal new physics by measuring electron electric dipole moments. This study explores axion-mediated electron interactions in YbOH, potentially updating constraints on fundamental CP-violating electron-axion coupling constants.

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Area of Science:

  • * Fundamental Physics
  • * Molecular Spectroscopy
  • * Particle Physics

Background:

  • * The Ytterbium hydroxide (YbOH) molecule is a promising system for detecting violations of fundamental symmetries.
  • * Previous research highlighted YbOH's utility in measuring electron electric dipole moments, probing time-reversal (T) and spatial parity (P) symmetry violation.
  • * New theoretical mechanisms for T, P-violation in YbOH require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the electron-electron interaction mediated by axionlike particles in the YbOH molecule as a probe of T, P-violation.
  • * To calculate the relevant molecular constant characterizing this interaction.
  • * To estimate the experimental sensitivity for constraining electron-axion coupling constants.

Main Methods:

  • * Theoretical calculation of the molecular constant for the axion-mediated electron-electron interaction in YbOH.
  • * Comparison of this constant with that for axion-mediated electron-nucleus interactions.
  • * Estimation of the potential for updated laboratory constraints on CP-violating electron-axion coupling.

Main Results:

  • * The molecular constant for the electron-electron interaction mediated by axionlike particles was calculated.
  • * This constant was found to be of the same order of magnitude as the constant for axion-mediated electron-nucleus interactions.
  • * The YbOH molecule is shown to be a viable system for constraining electron-axion coupling.

Conclusions:

  • * The YbOH molecule offers a sensitive probe for T, P-violating electron-electron interactions mediated by axions.
  • * Experimental measurements using YbOH can provide updated laboratory constraints on CP-violating electron-axion coupling constants.
  • * This research opens new avenues for exploring fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model using molecular systems.