Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

56.7K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
56.7K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

54.8K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
54.8K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

3.5K
Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
3.5K
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

2.0K
In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
2.0K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

1.4K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
1.4K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

53.9K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
53.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neural responses to virtual avatars are shaped by user preference and personality traits.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Virtual avatar communication task eliciting pseudo-social isolation and detecting social isolation using non-verbal signal monitoring in older adults.

Frontiers in psychology·2025
Same author

Skin-to-Skin Contact and Diaphragm Electrical Activity in Preterm Infants During Noninvasive Pressure Control.

Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·2024
Same author

Depression detection using virtual avatar communication and eye tracking.

Journal of eye movement research·2023
Same author

Differentiating depression using facial expressions in a virtual avatar communication system.

Frontiers in digital health·2023
Same author

Non-goal-driven eye movement after visual search task.

Journal of eye movement research·2022
Same journal

The influence of chirality on the macroscopic behavior of multiferroic smectic phases.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Polaron transformed canonically consistent quantum master equation.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

The x-ray absorption spectrum of the propargyl radical C3H3●.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Transient hydroperoxyalkyl intermediates (•QOOH) in isopentane oxidation. I. Conformer- and isomer-resolved infrared spectra.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Transient hydroperoxyalkyl intermediates (•QOOH) in isopentane oxidation. II. Isomer-resolved unimolecular dynamics.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Quantum state-to-state dynamics studies of the C(3P) + OH(X2Π) → CO(a3Π) + H(2S) reaction based on a new HCO(12A″) potential energy surface.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.7K

Quantum polyamorphism in compressed distinguishable helium-4.

Kenichi Kinugawa1, Ayumi Takemoto1

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two amorphous solid states of helium-4 (4He) were discovered under high pressure. These states, low-dispersion amorphous (LDA) and high-dispersion amorphous (HDA), exhibit distinct atomic behaviors and transitions.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.0K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.7K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.0K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum fluids
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Helium-4 (4He) exhibits unique quantum properties at low temperatures and high pressures.
  • Understanding amorphous solid states is crucial for materials science and quantum physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and characteristics of amorphous solid states in helium-4 (4He) under compressed conditions.
  • To explore the transitions between different amorphous phases of helium-4.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized isobaric-isothermal path integral centroid molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Performed isothermal compression of normal or supercritical fluid 4He at 3-25 K.
  • Analyzed atomic behaviors, including dispersion, quantum wavelengths, and diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence of two amorphous solid states: low-dispersion amorphous (LDA) and high-dispersion amorphous (HDA).
  • Observed reversible LDA-HDA transitions with hysteresis, driven by pressure or temperature changes.
  • Characterized HDA by extended atomic wavelengths and residual diffusion, linked to quantum tunneling.

Conclusions:

  • The LDA and HDA states correspond to trapped and tunneling regimes, respectively.
  • The observed transitions resemble coil-globule transitions in classical polymers.
  • HDA is absent at temperatures above 13 K, with transition pressure decreasing at lower temperatures.