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Are source-filter interactions detectable in classical singing during vowel glides?

Matthias Echternach1, Christian T Herbst2, Marie Köberlein1

  • 1Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich, 81377, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vocal tract formants and voice source interactions were studied in singers during vowel transitions. Some interactions were observed, but systematic effects were not consistently detected, suggesting complexity or confounding factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic Phonetics
  • Speech Science
  • Vocal Pedagogy

Background:

  • The interaction between vocal tract formants (Fn) and voice source is hypothesized but rarely studied in vivo.
  • Understanding this interaction is crucial for explaining voice production and control in singing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate in vivo source-filter interaction candidates (SFICs) during vowel transitions in professional classical singers.
  • To analyze the relationship between vocal tract formants (Fn) and voice source parameters (fundamental frequency, ƒo) during dynamic phonation.

Main Methods:

  • 12 professional classical singers performed the vowel transition /i/-/a/-/u/-/i/ on D4 (approx. 294 Hz).
  • Data acquired using transnasal high-speed videoendoscopy (20,000 fps), electroglottography (EGG), and audio recordings.
  • Formant frequencies (Fn) calculated via cepstral analysis; SFICs identified algorithmically and perceptually.

Main Results:

  • Some increase in open quotient observed during /i-a/ and /u-i/ transitions.
  • No clear effects detected at expected Fn/nƒo intersections.
  • Fundamental frequency (ƒo) adjustments and phonovibrogram changes occurred at perceptually identified SFICs, indicating level-two interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Vowel transitions can lead to level-two source-filter interactions in professional singers.
  • The lack of systematic effects suggests either weak interactions or counterbalancing confounding factors.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the dynamics of source-filter interactions in singing.