Consonant voicing in the Buckeye corpus

Many claims about the prevalence of phonetic voicing in English obstruents have been made in the literature over the decades, particularly concerning the stops and affricate [b, d, ɡ, ʤ]. An examination of this literature reveals that many of these claims are based on a paucity of speech data and measurements. For the present study, voiced consonants in the Buckeye corpus of American English (39 speakers) have been measured to determine the percentage of their duration that shows vocal cord vibrations. The prevalence of voicing in the 53 690 voiced stop and affricate tokens has been examined in all contexts, including the initial, intervocalic, and final positions. The results generally contradict the common notion that the nominally "voiced" stops of English are phonetically unvoiced in all positions but intervocalic. Here, they are found to be mostly voiced in final position as well as intervocalically, but usually less than 50% voiced in initial position. A significant proportion of these stops, however, were found to be nearly 100% voiced in the initial position, and this could not be explained by interspeaker variation.