Evaluation of the relationship between macrophage migration inhibitory factor level and clinical course in patients
Alperen Aksakal1, Buğra Kerget2, Ferhan Kerget3
1Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey.
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has ravaged our world for more than a year, still shapes our agenda with a scale of intensity that fluctuates over time. In our study, we aimed to determine the correlation between serum migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level and disease severity in COVID-19 with different prognoses. Between 15 October 2020 and 20 January 2021, 110 patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 40 volunteer healthcare personnel were included in our study. MIF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the comparison of serum MIF values in the patient and control group, it was observed that the MIF level was significantly higher in patients with both moderate and severe COVID-19 levels compared to the control group (p = 0.001, 0.001). In the comparison of serum MIF values of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients, it was observed that MIF level was higher in severe patients (p = 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis performed to differentiate between severe and moderate COVID-19 patients with MIF levels, the area under the curve was observed as 0.78. When the cutoff value of the MIF level was taken as 4.455 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 83% and the specificity was 62%. Failure to adequately balance the pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesized in COVID-19 with anti-inflammatory effect is the most important reason for the aggravation of the disease course. Playing a role in pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, MIF can provide important information about the disease prognosis in the early period.
Insights
Serum migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels are significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Elevated MIF indicates increased disease severity and can help predict prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global health challenge.
- Understanding disease severity markers is crucial for patient management.
- Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is implicated in inflammatory responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between serum MIF levels and COVID-19 disease severity.
- To assess MIF as a potential prognostic biomarker for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum MIF levels.
- Study included 110 COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy healthcare personnel.
- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.
Main Results:
- Serum MIF levels were significantly elevated in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients compared to controls (p<0.001).
- MIF levels were higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in moderate cases (p<0.001).
- ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.78 for differentiating severe from moderate COVID-19, with a cutoff of 4.455 ng/ml yielding 83% sensitivity and 62% specificity.
Conclusions:
- Elevated serum MIF levels are associated with increased COVID-19 severity.
- MIF may serve as an early indicator of disease prognosis in COVID-19.
- Imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute to COVID-19 progression, with MIF playing a role.
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