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Updated: Oct 29, 2025
Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
Displacement imposition scale assesses reactions of cigarette and e-cigarette users impacted by a campus-wide smoking
Delaney S Dunn1, Eleanor L S Leavens2, Susanna V Lopez1
1Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.
Objective:
The present study developed a measure assessing the emotional responses, "Displacement Imposition," of cigarette and e-cigarette users on a college campus with a smoking/vaping ban. It also examined the relationship between Displacement Imposition and readiness to quit smoking/vaping, and how this relationship differed between cigarette and e-cigarette users.
Participants:
Participants (N = 297) were from a large, Midwestern university.
Methods:
Participants completed online questionnaires assessing demographics, cigarette and e-cigarette use, Displacement Imposition, and readiness to quit.
Results:
All six Displacement Imposition items loaded onto a single factor. A significant interaction emerged between Displacement Imposition and product use in predicting readiness to quit. At high levels of Displacement Imposition, cigarette users were less ready to quit than e-cigarette users.
Conclusions:
Findings suggest restrictions imposed on cigarette and e-cigarette users were associated with reduced readiness to quit. Findings inform tobacco control policies as tobacco denormalization may increase the burden placed on tobacco users.
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