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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Building Langmuir Probes and Emissive Probes for Plasma Potential Measurements in Low Pressure, Low Temperature Plasmas
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Langmuir probe array for the small angle slot divertor in DIII-D.

J G Watkins1, H Q Wang2, D Thomas2

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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Langmuir probes were adapted for the DIII-D small angle slot divertor to overcome optical diagnostic challenges. Modifications improved plasma measurements by addressing shadowing and alignment issues, enhancing divertor physics studies.

Area of Science:

  • Fusion energy research
  • Plasma physics
  • Divertor technology

Background:

  • The DIII-D small angle slot (SAS) divertor requires specialized diagnostics due to its closed geometry, hindering optical measurements.
  • Understanding plasma conditions within the SAS divertor is crucial for enhanced neutral confinement and target geometry studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and refine a multipurpose Langmuir probe array for in-situ plasma measurements within the DIII-D SAS divertor.
  • To overcome diagnostic challenges posed by the SAS divertor's design, including optical access limitations and probe placement constraints.

Main Methods:

  • A novel spring-loaded probe and tile design was developed to accommodate space limitations at the bottom of the slot.
  • Langmuir probes were strategically spaced for high-resolution measurements of the near scrape-off layer.

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  • A laser scanning alignment tool was employed to precisely align custom tiles with the measured strike point toroidal surface.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial measurements revealed tile edge shadowing and misalignment issues between probe positions and the divertor's slot geometry.
    • Resolved shadowing and alignment issues by redesigning tiles with centered probes and utilizing precise laser alignment.
    • Post-alignment measurements showed close agreement between Langmuir probe data and plasma behavior at multiple toroidal locations.

    Conclusions:

    • The adapted Langmuir probe system effectively measures plasma conditions in the challenging DIII-D SAS divertor environment.
    • Improved probe design and alignment resolved initial measurement discrepancies, enhancing the reliability of divertor physics studies.
    • The refined diagnostic approach provides valuable data for optimizing divertor performance in fusion devices.