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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.
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Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Whole-body Mass Spectrometry Imaging by Infrared Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization IR-MALDESI
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Development of novel projection-type imaging mass spectrometer.

J Aoki1, M Toyoda1

  • 1Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new projection-type imaging mass spectrometer offers high spatial resolution (1 μm) and fast imaging, enabling detailed analysis of biological samples. This advanced technique visualizes ion distribution in biological tissues with unprecedented clarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Conventional scanning-type imaging mass spectrometry faces limitations in speed and spatial resolution.
  • Developing advanced instrumentation is crucial for high-throughput molecular imaging in biological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel projection-type imaging mass spectrometer with enhanced spatial resolution and reduced acquisition time.
  • To demonstrate the capability of the new apparatus for analyzing biological samples at the cellular level.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of advanced ion optics, accurate ion trajectory simulation, and projection-type imaging mass spectrometry principles.
  • Combination of a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer with post-extraction differential acceleration for high mass resolution.
  • Development of an 18.5-megapixel imaging system for comprehensive sample analysis.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous achievement of high mass resolution (m/Δm ∼ 10,000) and ultra-high spatial resolution (1 μm).
  • Substantially reduced image-acquisition time compared to conventional scanning methods.
  • Successful imaging of organ-specific endogenous ion distribution and localized exogenous ion distribution in biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • The novel imaging mass spectrometer provides a powerful tool for high-resolution molecular imaging of biological systems.
  • The developed apparatus significantly advances the field of imaging mass spectrometry for life science applications.
  • This technology enables detailed visualization of molecular distributions within complex biological tissues.