Flow visualization and density measurement of the supersonic molecular beam for fusion plasma fueling

The supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) technique is widely used in magnetic fusion devices for plasma fueling and active control of particles. The beam flow formed by the SMBI system is directly visualized by a newly established schlieren diagnostic system on the SMBI testing platform. This schlieren system could provide a 2D density distribution of the beam with the sub-mm spatial resolution by detecting the change in the refractive index of the medium caused by the SMBI in the low-pressure vacuum chamber. The structure and the divergence angle of the supersonic molecular beam for fusion plasma fueling are first measured. Additionally, the density profile of the supersonic molecular beam is reconstructed from the measured light intensity by the schlieren system. The experimental comparison between the standard nozzle and the optimized nozzle of the SMBI system shows the great potential of the diagnostic system in optimizing the beam characteristics.