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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy - A rare and reversible entity.

Tiago da Silva Santos1, André Couto de Carvalho1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
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Summary

Severe hypocalcemia, a condition of low serum calcium, can cause acute heart failure. Promptly restoring calcium levels can rapidly improve cardiac function, highlighting its importance in heart health.

Keywords:
Heart failureHypocalcaemiaHypocalcaemic cardiomyopathyHypoparathyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Calcium Metabolism

Background:

  • Calcium is crucial for cardiac function, regulating heart rhythm and muscle contraction.
  • Low serum calcium (hypocalcemia) can impair myocardial contractility, particularly when the sarcoplasmic reticulum cannot maintain adequate calcium levels.
  • Untreated hypoparathyroidism can lead to severe hypocalcemia and cardiac compromise.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old woman presented with acute heart failure due to severe hypocalcemia.
  • Her condition was linked to postsurgical, untreated hypoparathyroidism.
  • No pre-existing cardiac disease was identified.

Findings:

  • Hypocalcemia is a rare but reversible cause of cardiomyopathy.
  • The patient experienced acute heart failure attributed to low calcium levels.
  • Restoration of normal serum calcium levels led to rapid improvement in cardiac function.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering hypocalcemia in patients with acute heart failure.
  • Screening for hypocalcemia is essential in individuals with a history of thyroidectomy presenting with heart failure.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of hypocalcemia can prevent severe cardiac dysfunction and improve outcomes.