Magnetic resonance image-guided hypofractionated ablative radiation therapy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Plan...

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy of biliary duct epithelium which typically has a poor prognosis. Although surgical resection improves overall survival, many patients are deemed medically inoperable or have unresectable tumors. Herein, we report a case of an 84-year-old Caucasian male who was diagnosed with medically inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance image-guided hypofractionated ablative radiotherapy was administered which has the advantages of superior soft tissue resolution, better visualization of the target and organ at risk, daily online adaptive planning and continuous cine MR tracking of the target during irradiation. Concomitant chemotherapy was used. On the first fraction the patient presented with a broken arm that forced the patient take a treatment position much different than the one used for simulation CT and planning. The patient was able to finish the treatment without the need of another simulation by adapting the plan according to the new anatomy. The patient is being followed up until today and is alive with no evidence of disease.