Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

3.5K
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
3.5K
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

10.6K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
10.6K
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

416
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
416
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

926
In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
926
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

2.4K
If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
2.4K
Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

5.7K
A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
5.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Room-Temperature Tuning and Probing of Fermi Polarons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors on a Plasmonic Metasurface.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Tunable Lower Critical Fractal Dimension for a Nonequilibrium Phase Transition.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Exact Duality at Low Energy in a Josephson Tunnel Junction Coupled to a Transmission Line.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Excited-State Proton Transfer in Solution under Vibrational Strong Coupling.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Rough Fabry-Perot cavity: a vastly multi-scale numerical problem.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2025
Same author

Directional Flow of Confined Polaritons in CrSBr.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

7.0K

Manipulating matter by strong coupling to vacuum fields.

Francisco J Garcia-Vidal1,2, Cristiano Ciuti3, Thomas W Ebbesen4

  • 1Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. fj.garcia@uam.es cristiano.ciuti@u-paris.fr ebbesen@unistra.fr.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hybrid light-matter states, formed by coupling materials with optical cavities, can alter material properties and chemical reactions. This emerging field offers exciting possibilities for controlling matter and reactivity.

More Related Videos

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface
11:00

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

Published on: October 2, 2016

9.2K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

7.0K
Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface
11:00

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

Published on: October 2, 2016

9.2K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Growing interest in hybrid light-matter states over the last decade.
  • These states arise from coupling materials with optical cavity electromagnetic fields.
  • Coupling occurs via vacuum field fluctuations, even in the absence of light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of hybrid light-matter states.
  • To understand their influence on material properties and chemical reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Placing materials within optical resonators (e.g., parallel mirrors).
  • Utilizing theoretical and experimental studies.
  • Investigating the effects of strong coupling between materials and cavity fields.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid states can enhance material properties like transport, magnetism, and superconductivity.
  • These states can modify (bio)chemical reactivity.
  • Demonstrated control over matter properties through light-matter interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid light-matter states offer a novel pathway to control material properties.
  • Significant unexplored potential exists in this multidisciplinary field.
  • Further research is needed to fully harness the capabilities of these states.