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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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TIDB: a comprehensive database of trained immunity.

Yang Cao1, Qingyang Dong1, Dan Wang2

  • 1Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No.1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.

Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Trained immunity, where innate immune cells remember pathogens, can protect against infection but worsen chronic diseases. A new database, TIDB, centralizes information on trained immunity genes and offers analysis tools for research.

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T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Trained immunity is an emerging concept of innate immune memory offering long-term protection against antigens.
  • While beneficial for host defense, trained immunity can also contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • Existing knowledge on trained immunity is fragmented across scientific literature, hindering accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive database (TIDB) for trained immunity-related genes.
  • To consolidate literature evidence associated with these genes.
  • To provide analytical tools for exploring the functional roles of trained immunity genes.

Main Methods:

  • Curated a database of well-studied trained immunity-related genes from human, rat, and mouse.
  • Integrated relevant literature evidence for each gene.
  • Developed functional analysis modules: Reactome pathway over-representation, Gene Ontology enrichment, and protein-protein interaction subnetwork reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Established TIDB, a centralized repository for trained immunity genes and associated literature.
  • Implemented three distinct analytical modules for functional gene analysis.
  • The database supports research across multiple species (human, rat, mouse).

Conclusions:

  • TIDB offers a valuable resource for researchers studying trained immunity.
  • The database and its tools can aid in developing therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated diseases.
  • Facilitates advancements in vaccine design through better understanding of innate immune memory.