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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Post-Polymerization Modification of Ionic Polymers.

Joo Won Lee1, Jihye Park1, Joonhee Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.

Chemsuschem
|July 10, 2021
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Summary

Ionic polymers can now be modified without solvents using mechanochemical techniques. This novel approach enables efficient post-polymerization functionalization, expanding polymer applications.

Keywords:
imine bondmechanochemistrypolymerspost-polymerization modificationsolid-state reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanochemistry

Background:

  • Ionic polymers offer stability and ease of handling.
  • Limited solubility in organic solvents restricts their application scope.
  • Conventional solution-based modifications are often incompatible with certain polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solvent-free method for modifying ionic polymers.
  • To demonstrate post-polymerization functionalization via mechanochemistry.
  • To overcome solubility limitations of ionic polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a solvent-free vibrational ball-milling technique.
  • Performed post-polymerization modification of ammonium-functionalized polyether.
  • Reacted ionic polymer with aromatic aldehydes to form imine bonds.

Main Results:

  • Achieved complete imine bond formation within 1 hour.
  • Demonstrated modification without polymer backbone degradation.
  • Validated the method's effectiveness with a diverse range of aldehydes.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemical modification offers a viable alternative to solution-based polymer functionalization.
  • This solvent-free approach expands the applicability of ionic polymers.
  • The technique is suitable for polymers not amenable to conventional methods.