[Aging and cognitive disorders from the somnology's viewpoint.]

Area of Science:

• Neurobiology
• Somnology
• Sleep Medicine

Background:

• Aging is associated with changes in the sleep-wake cycle, potentially leading to pathological aging and neurodegeneration.
• While sleep disturbances are common in aging, they do not always result in cognitive dysfunction.
• Molecular-level changes in age-related sleep disorders and their link to metabolism and neurotransmitters are increasingly studied.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review modern scientific research on age-related changes in sleep and their molecular-cell markers.
• To analyze the relationship between circadian rhythm disturbances, aging, and cognitive dysfunction.
• To highlight the need for molecular markers for diagnosing and preventing sleep disorders in aging.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current scientific research on aging, sleep, and cognition.
• Analysis of molecular and cellular changes associated with age-related sleep disorders.
• Examination of the interplay between metabolism, neurotransmitters, and sleep regulation.

Main Results:

• Sleep architecture undergoes significant changes throughout the lifespan.
• The relationship between circadian rhythm disruption in aging and cognitive decline is a key area of research.
• Molecular and cellular markers are essential for understanding and potentially intervening in age-related sleep issues.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of age-related sleep changes from neurobiological and somnological perspectives is timely.
• Identifying molecular-cell markers for sleep disorders in aging is critical for developing preventative technologies.
• Further research into the pathogenetic mechanisms linking aging, sleep disorders, and cognitive dysfunction promises significant breakthroughs.