[Aging and cognitive disorders from the somnology's viewpoint.]

Age-dependent diseases high social burden makes relevant medical technologies development and implementation of human aging process functional state various disorders prenosological diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Age-related activity decrease of the brain functional state and its interdependence with the sleep-wake continuum leads to premature (pathological) aging with manifestations of neurodegeneration. Although disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle functioning are characteristic for the aging process, age-related changes are not always accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. There are sufficient number studies on the molecular level changes in age-related sleep disorders. Aging, sleep disorders and processes of cognitive dysfunction association pathogenetic mechanisms heterogeneity also include metabolism changes. Various neurotransmitters and other biologically active substances, so-called «sleep-promoting substances» are involved in the regulation of sleep processes. The urgent need for molecular-cell markers and diagnostic patterns of sleep disorders further scientific search in aging process is promising and will make a significant contribution to the breakthrough technologies development in the pathological aging prevention. The complex architecture of sleep undergoes pronounced changes throughout a person's life. In the literature, the relationship of circadian rhythm disturbances during aging and the development of cognitive dysfunction is actively debated. Approach from the positions of the modern neurobiology, somnology and sleep medicine perspectives seems extremely relevant and timely. This review is devoted to some aspects of age-related in sleep and their molecular-cell markers changes modern scientific research and our own data analysis.