Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Amniotic band syndrome - a case report of prenatally detected fetal upper limb amputation.

Ceska gynekologie·2026
Same author

ISUOG Practice Guidelines: point-of-care ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2025
Same author

Relationship between MASLD and women's health: A review.

Women's health (London, England)·2025
Same author

Vaginal packing after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and surgical outcome after one year: A randomized controlled trial.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2025
Same author

Vaccination in pregnancy - a study in maternity hospitals of the Pilsen Region, Czech Republic.

Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne·2025
Same author

Commentary on "Complication Rates are Low for Women Aged 70 and Older Undergoing Sacrocolpopexy".

International urogynecology journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser
07:17

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

Published on: May 9, 2018

8.2K

Levator ani avulsion: a Systematic evidence review (LASER).

Z Rusavy1,2,3, L Paymova1,3, M Kozerovsky3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.

BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Levator avulsion (LA) incidence is highest after forceps delivery (52%) and lowest after cesarean birth (1%). Early postpartum diagnosis improves detection rates for this common childbirth injury.

Keywords:
Assisted birthbirthcaesareanforcepshiatuslabourmagnetic resonance imagingoperativeparturitionpelvic floorperineumprolapsetransperinealultrasoundvacuumventouse

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advanced Treatment of Seminal Duct Blockage Employing Endoscopy-Mediated Semen Channel Refluviation
03:51

Author Spotlight: Advanced Treatment of Seminal Duct Blockage Employing Endoscopy-Mediated Semen Channel Refluviation

Published on: December 8, 2023

3.4K
Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats
03:37

Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats

Published on: October 11, 2024

517

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser
07:17

Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

Published on: May 9, 2018

8.2K
Author Spotlight: Advanced Treatment of Seminal Duct Blockage Employing Endoscopy-Mediated Semen Channel Refluviation
03:51

Author Spotlight: Advanced Treatment of Seminal Duct Blockage Employing Endoscopy-Mediated Semen Channel Refluviation

Published on: December 8, 2023

3.4K
Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats
03:37

Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats

Published on: October 11, 2024

517

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Imaging
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Levator avulsion (LA) is a significant childbirth injury with variable reported incidence.
  • Limited research exists on the specific risk factors influencing LA occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence rate of levator avulsion (LA) based on delivery mode.
  • To analyze LA incidence across different imaging modalities and diagnostic timings.
  • To investigate the laterality of avulsion in relation to birth type.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, MIDIRS) up to April 2019.
  • Included were 37 non-randomized studies involving 5594 women where LA was assessed via imaging post-birth.
  • Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v5.3, with specialized statistical packages for imaging analysis.

Main Results:

  • LA incidence rates varied significantly: 1% (cesarean), 15% (spontaneous), 21% (vacuum-assisted), and 52% (forceps).
  • Spontaneous birth carried a 10.69-fold higher odds of LA compared to cesarean.
  • LA was more common unilaterally after spontaneous and vacuum-assisted births; higher incidence observed with assessment within 4 weeks postpartum.

Conclusions:

  • Forceps delivery presents the highest risk for levator avulsion (52%), while cesarean delivery has the lowest (1%).
  • Ultrasound and MRI are comparable for diagnosing LA.
  • Early postpartum diagnosis (within 4 weeks) is associated with higher LA detection rates.