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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Editorial: Dialectical Behavior Therapy and the Function of Self-Injury.

Jonathan Pochyly1, John T Walkup1

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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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Summary

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) effectively reduces self-harm in adolescents by targeting emotional dysregulation. This study identifies the mechanisms behind DBT

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • This study investigates the mechanisms of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in reducing self-harm among adolescents.
  • It is the third publication from a large, federally funded, randomized controlled trial comparing DBT to Individual and Group Supportive Therapy (IGST).
  • Previous papers established DBT's superiority and explored predictors/moderators of treatment outcomes.

Discussion:

  • DBT's effectiveness in reducing suicidal and self-injurious behaviors in at-risk adolescents is examined.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial given rising suicide attempt rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The study aims to elucidate how DBT achieves its positive outcomes.

Key Insights:

  • DBT demonstrates superiority over IGST in reducing adolescent self-injury.
  • The research identifies specific mechanisms through which DBT exerts its therapeutic effects.
  • Emotional dysregulation is a key target for DBT interventions in this population.

Outlook:

  • Further research can refine DBT protocols for adolescent self-harm.
  • Findings may inform clinical practice and policy for youth mental health.
  • The study highlights the importance of evidence-based treatments for at-risk youth.