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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Linguistic Typology
  • Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Word-order alternations in languages vary in their lexical dependency on verbs.
  • Scrambling, a type of word-order alternation, is often not lexically dependent.
  • Understanding how learners process these distinctions is key to theories of language acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether language learners implicitly adhere to generalizations about lexically-dependent vs. independent word-order alternations.
  • To test usage-based/statistical learning versus internal linguistic bias accounts of language acquisition.
  • To explore if learners' generalization patterns reflect typological differences in natural languages.

Main Methods:

  • Three novel-language learning experiments were conducted with English monolinguals.
  • Participants learned a hybrid Korean-English language with structural alternations mirroring natural language categories.
  • Learners' comprehension and production in picture description and acceptability judgment tasks were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Comprehension data indicated that learners exposed to alternations from rigid word-order languages were more verb-wise conservative.
  • Learners exposed to alternations from free word-order languages showed less verb-wise conservativeness.
  • Production data trends supported the comprehension findings.

Conclusions:

  • Learners exhibit linguistic biases that align with typological patterns observed in natural languages.
  • These biases enable generalization beyond simple statistical tracking of input.
  • Findings support internal bias accounts of language acquisition over purely usage-based models.