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Modelling ambivalent triads in family research.

Vera de Bel1, Tom A B Snijders2, Eric D Widmer3

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research (NCCR LIVES), Switzerland.

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This study examined family relationship ambivalence using a new framework. Findings show that balanced family triads positively impact maternal social self-esteem, highlighting the importance of network structures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Family Studies
  • Network Analysis

Background:

  • Family relationships are complex, often involving mixed emotions (ambivalence).
  • Previous research primarily focused on dyadic (two-person) relationships, neglecting broader family structures.
  • Understanding how ambivalence within larger family configurations affects individuals is crucial for well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and apply the ambivalent triad census for analyzing family network structures.
  • To investigate the impact of ambivalent family triads on individual well-being, specifically maternal social self-esteem.
  • To test theoretical mechanisms linking triad structures to outcomes: ambivalent balance, diffusion of stress, and divide and conquer.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the ambivalent triad census to categorize 18 types of triads based on positive, negative, or ambivalent ties.
  • Applied the census to 300 family networks (150 stepfamilies, 150 first-time families).
  • Collected data through maternal self-reports on relationships within the family.

Main Results:

  • Mothers in triads with greater ambivalent balance reported higher social self-esteem.
  • Mothers in triads with less diffusion of stress also reported higher social self-esteem.
  • The study identified specific triad configurations associated with individual well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Family ambivalence within triadic structures significantly influences individual outcomes.
  • Network structures, particularly ambivalent balance and diffusion of stress, are key factors in maternal social self-esteem.
  • Future research should consider higher-level relational structures beyond dyads to understand family dynamics.