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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Measuring effectiveness in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: what are we looking for?

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Depletion of renal cortical collecting duct-secreted PCSK9 in early proteinuria prevents sustained nephrotic syndrome-related hypercholesterolemia.

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Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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IgA Nephropathy: Core Curriculum 2021.

Prapa Pattrapornpisut1, Carmen Avila-Casado2, Heather N Reich3

  • 1Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Bhumirajanagarindra Kidney Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a common kidney disease, shows varied clinical courses. Current treatments focus on supportive care, with ongoing research into novel therapies targeting its underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:
BudesonideIgA depositionIgA nephropathy (IgAN)complement inhibitorsglomerular diseaseglomerulonephritis (GN)histologyimmunoglobulin A (IgA)immunotherapykidney functionpathogenesisprognosisreviewtreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerular disease globally.
  • Histological examination reveals dominant or codominant IgA deposition in kidney biopsies.
  • Clinical presentations range widely, from asymptomatic urinalysis findings to rapidly progressive disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and histology of IgAN.
  • To discuss current prognostication tools and treatment strategies for IgAN.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic options based on recent research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IgAN pathogenesis and clinical management.
  • Analysis of diagnostic hallmarks and histological findings.
  • Evaluation of current and investigational treatment approaches, including supportive care and immunosuppression.

Main Results:

  • IgAN exhibits significant heterogeneity in clinical progression.
  • Supportive care is foundational, but the efficacy of immunosuppressants like corticosteroids is debated due to side effects and questionable long-term benefits.
  • Novel therapies targeting mucosal immunity and complement pathways are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate prognostication and individualized management are crucial for IgAN patients.
  • The role of corticosteroids in IgAN treatment is controversial.
  • Advances in understanding IgAN pathogenesis are paving the way for new, targeted therapies.