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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Application of Laparoscopic Ultrasonography in Primary Choledochal Suture during Combined Two-lens Surgery
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Application of Laparoscopic Ultrasonography in Primary Choledochal Suture during Combined Two-lens Surgery

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Open Cholecystectomy for the New Learner-Obstacles and Challenges.

Margaret Riccardi1, Mohamad Dughayli1, Fadi Baidoun1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital, Wyandotte, Michigan.

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Senior surgeon retirement impacts surgical training, reducing open cholecystectomy experience for residents. This necessitates innovative training methods like simulation and advanced laparoscopic techniques to ensure surgical competency.

Keywords:
ChallengesNew learnerObstaclesOpen cholecystectomy

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Area of Science:

  • General Surgery
  • Surgical Education
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Laparoscopy is now standard, decreasing open surgical procedures.
  • Retiring senior surgeons further limit resident exposure to open procedures.
  • This study assesses the impact of retiring surgeons on resident operative experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of retiring senior surgeons on general surgery residents' operative experience.
  • To analyze trends in open cholecystectomy training during a period of significant laparoscopic adoption.
  • To identify challenges and potential solutions for surgical resident training in an evolving operative landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of cholecystectomies (Jan 2010-Dec 2016).
  • Surgeons categorized into two groups: pre-laparoscopic (Group 1) and laparoscopic era (Group 2) trained.
  • Impact of surgeon retirement on open cholecystectomy numbers assessed.

Main Results:

  • 4555 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed; overall conversion rate 1.5%.
  • Higher conversion rates observed in Group 1 compared to Group 2.
  • A significant reduction in open cholecystectomies performed by graduating residents over time was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Declining open cholecystectomy numbers pose a training challenge for residents.
  • Simulation, cadaveric courses, and transplant curriculum enhance open surgical training.
  • Advanced laparoscopic skills, like top-down dissection, reduce conversions and are acquired by residents.