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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
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Functionality of the Crosswise Model for Assessing Sensitive or Transgressive Behavior: A Systematic Review and

Dominic Sagoe1, Maarten Cruyff2, Owen Spendiff3

  • 1Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Frontiers in Psychology
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Crosswise Model (CM) is a superior tool for assessing sensitive behaviors compared to direct questions (DQ). CM provides more reliable estimates, especially for highly sensitive topics, making it valuable for population-level research.

Keywords:
crosswise modeldirect questionefficiencyprevalencequality assessmentrandomized responsesurvey

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Psychology
  • Statistics

Background:

  • Reliable assessment of socially sensitive or transgressive behavior requires advanced tools.
  • The Crosswise Model (CM) is an indirect estimation technique gaining attention for such assessments.
  • A quality assessment of indirect estimation models, specifically CM, was lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical evidence supports the superiority of CM over DQ for assessing sensitive/transgressive behaviors.
  • CM is a valuable and promising tool for population-level investigations despite some limitations.
  • Study quality varied, with 11 high-quality, 31 moderate-quality, and 2 low-quality assessments.