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The Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience: Questionnaire Development and Internal Structure.

Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual1,2, Luís Fernando Tófoli2, Carlos Fernando Collares3

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Researchers developed the Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE) to measure the context of psychedelic use. The validated SQAE scale supports future research on how setting influences the ayahuasca experience and other psychedelic uses.

Keywords:
ayahuascainstrumentpsychedelicspsychometricssetting

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Area of Science:

  • Psychopharmacology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Research into psychedelic substances, including ayahuasca, is increasing, particularly for therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding the influence of 'set' (individual factors) and 'setting' (contextual factors) is crucial for psychedelic experiences.
  • Existing measurement tools for the 'setting' of ayahuasca consumption are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel measurement scale, the Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE), for assessing the context of ayahuasca consumption.
  • To examine the psychometric properties of the newly developed SQAE scale.

Main Methods:

  • Scale construction involved a literature review, interviews with 19 ayahuasca users, and a large online survey (n = 2,994).
  • Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used to determine the questionnaire's dimensional structure on one sample (n = 1,497).
  • Multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) was employed to compare the fit of theoretical dimensions against EGA-derived dimensions on an independent sample (n = 1,497).

Main Results:

  • EGA identified six dimensions: Leadership, Decoration, Infrastructure, Comfort, Instruction, and Social.
  • MIRT analysis indicated that the proposed theoretical model demonstrated a significantly better fit compared to the EGA model.
  • Statistical fit indices (χ²/df = 1.967, CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.059, WRMR = 1.087) supported the theoretical model's validity.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for the validity of the Setting Questionnaire for the Ayahuasca Experience (SQAE).
  • The validated SQAE scale can be utilized in future research to investigate the impact of setting on the ayahuasca experience.
  • Findings may contribute to a broader understanding of contextual factors in psychedelic research beyond ayahuasca.