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RNA Virus-Encoded miRNAs: Current Insights and Future Challenges
Asuka Nanbo1, Wakako Furuyama1, Zhen Lin2
1Molecular and Cellular Virology, Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|July 12, 2021
Summary
RNA virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly identified and play roles in viral replication and immune evasion. Their functions and therapeutic potential require further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Virology
- Genetics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- Numerous virus-encoded miRNAs have been identified, impacting biological processes.
- RNA virus-encoded miRNAs, unlike DNA virus counterparts, have a controversial but emerging role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on RNA virus-encoded miRNAs.
- To discuss their roles in viral replication, immune evasion, and host persistence.
- To highlight challenges and potential applications in diagnosis and therapeutics.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on RNA virus-encoded miRNAs.
- Bioinformatics analysis of sequencing data for novel miRNA identification.
- Discussion of experimental methodologies and their limitations.
Main Results:
- Identification of numerous novel miRNAs encoded by various RNA viruses, including emerging ones.
- Evidence suggesting RNA virus miRNAs contribute to viral replication and immune evasion.
- Controversial but significant roles proposed for RNA virus miRNAs in host persistence.
Conclusions:
- RNA virus-encoded miRNAs are critical players in viral pathogenesis.
- Further research is needed to elucidate their precise functions and mechanisms.
- Potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications exists but requires methodological advancements.
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