Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.0K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.0K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.9K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.9K
Transcription01:17

Transcription

26.1K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
26.1K
Transcription01:10

Transcription

151.7K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
151.7K
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

4.3K
How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
4.3K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

5.2K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interoperability Skills for Digital Health: A Reference Model from the XiA Project.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same author

New Insights into the Development of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Roles of miR-1179 and ELF3.

Cells·2026
Same author

Synaptic Gpr85 Influences Cerebellar-Granule-Cell Electrical Properties and Light-Induced Behavior in Zebrafish.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

<i>Dicer1</i> Depletion Leads to DNA Damage Accumulation and Cell Death in a RET/PTC3 Papillary Thyroid Cancer Mouse Model, Thereby Inhibiting Tumor Progression.

Cells·2025
Same author

The Burden of Congenital Hypothyroidism Without Newborn Screening: Clinical and Cognitive Findings from a Multicenter Study in Algeria.

International journal of neonatal screening·2025
Same author

Atypical Chemokine Receptor CCRL2 Shapes Tumor Spheroid Structure and Immune Signaling in Melanoma.

Biomolecules·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.8K

Transcriptomic Signature of Human Embryonic Thyroid Reveals Transition From Differentiation to Functional Maturation.

Geneviève Dom1,2, Petr Dmitriev1,2, Marie-Alexandra Lambot3

  • 1School of Medicine, IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals the thyroid gland

Keywords:
FGFIGF1TSHfetal thyroidthyroid function maturation

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

11.8K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The human thyroid gland differentiates early in embryonic development.
  • Functional differentiation, marked by colloid appearance, occurs around 10-11 weeks of gestation.
  • Thyroid hormone production begins by 12-13 weeks, with increasing levels and regulatory mechanisms during maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the transcriptomic changes during human thyroid functional differentiation and maturation from embryonic development (gestation weeks 7-11) to adulthood.
  • To identify transcriptomic signatures specific to embryonic and adult thyroids.
  • To investigate the non-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-dependent transition from thyroid differentiation to maturation and identify potential TSH-independent factors.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis of human thyroid tissues from gestation weeks 7-11 and adult thyroids.
  • Comparative analysis with non-thyroid tissues from embryos and adults to define specific thyroid signatures.
  • Identification of gene expression patterns associated with thyroid differentiation and maturation.

Main Results:

  • Established distinct transcriptomic signatures for embryonic and adult human thyroids.
  • Defined a non-TSH-dependent pathway for the transition from thyroid differentiation to maturation.
  • Identified potential genes involved in thyroid differentiation/maturation abnormalities and congenital hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first transcriptomic analysis of the human embryonic thyroid, comparing it with adult thyroid tissue.
  • A non-TSH-dependent mechanism governs the transition from thyroid differentiation to maturation.
  • Identified candidate genes for congenital hypothyroidism, offering insights into thyroid development regulation.