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Long term effects of mild severity COVID‑19 on right ventricular functions

Fatih Akkaya1, Feyza Nur Topçu Yenerçağ2, Ahmet Kaya1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|July 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Mild COVID-19 patients show long-term right ventricular dysfunction three months after infection. Echocardiography revealed reduced RV global longitudinal strain and free wall strain, indicating potential subclinical heart issues.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease with known cardiovascular implications.
  • Ventricular dysfunction, particularly in the right ventricle (RV), has been observed in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate RV function in mild COVID-19 patients three months post-infection.
  • To compare RV function between mild COVID-19 survivors and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Single-center study involving 105 mild COVID-19 patients and 105 matched healthy controls.
  • Assessment of RV function using conventional 2D echocardiography and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).
  • Comparison of echocardiographic parameters, including RV global longitudinal strain (RV-GLS) and RV free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS).

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly higher RV diameters, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and RV myocardial performance index (RV MPI) compared to controls.
  • Tricuspid annular plane systolic motion (TAPSE), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), and RV S' were significantly lower in the COVID-19 group.
  • Significantly reduced RV-GLS and RV-FWLS were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • Negative correlations were found between RV-GLS/RV-FWLS and inflammatory markers (CRP, NLR, ferritin, PLR) and d-dimer.

Conclusions:

  • Mild COVID-19 can lead to long-term subclinical right ventricular dysfunction.
  • Reduced RV-GLS and RV-FWLS indicate persistent impairment in RV myocardial function three months post-infection.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring cardiac function in COVID-19 survivors.

Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019Right ventricular functionSpeckle tracking echocardiography

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