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Related Concept Videos

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Electrogravimetric Analysis: Overview01:30

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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Probing Electrochemical Potential Differences over the Solid/Liquid Interface in Li-Ion Battery Model Systems.

Ida Källquist1, Fredrik Lindgren1, Ming-Tao Lee2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) to measure electrochemical potential differences (Δμ̅) in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) during operation. This technique reveals insights into charge transfer kinetics at electrode/electrolyte interfaces.

Keywords:
ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopyelectrical double layerelectrochemical potentialselectrochemical reactionselectrode/electrolyte interfacelithium-ion batteriesoperando spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical potential difference (Δμ̅) drives charged species transfer in redox reactions.
  • Δμ̅ of electrons and Li-ions is crucial for Li-ion battery (LIB) charge-transfer kinetics.
  • Understanding solid/liquid interface reactions in LIBs is limited due to measurement challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish relations between different potentials in LIBs.
  • To demonstrate ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) for operando measurement of electron electrochemical potential difference (Δμ̅e) at solid/liquid interfaces.
  • To investigate the influence of Δμ̅e on redox reactions during LIB operation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) to monitor operando changes in Δμ̅e.
  • Measured kinetic energy (KE) shifts of electrolyte core levels.
  • Correlated KE shifts with applied voltage during LIB charging and lithiation.

Main Results:

  • Observed a linear dependence (∼1 eV/V) of KE shift versus applied voltage during electrical double-layer charging and solid electrolyte interphase formation.
  • Identified a drastic change in this slope during lithiation.
  • Proposed a model explaining the lithiation results based on interfacial charge transfer.

Conclusions:

  • APPES is a viable technique for operando monitoring of Δμ̅e at solid/liquid interfaces in LIBs.
  • The observed changes in interfacial potential during lithiation indicate significant charge transfer.
  • The findings provide new insights into the fundamental processes governing LIB performance.