Enhanced sludge dewaterability by Fe-rich biochar activating hydrogen peroxide: Co-hydrothermal red mud and reed...

This study proposed Fe-rich biochar (RMRS-BC) produced by the co-hydrothermal treatment of red mud and reed straw, industrial waste and agricultural waste, as a novel sludge conditioner. It had been proven that heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton reactions occurred during the sludge conditioning process, in which RMRS-BC activated H₂O₂ to improve sludge dewaterability. Results demonstrated that the optimal condition was 7.5 wt% dry solids (DS) of RMRS-BC at a mass ratio of 1:1 combined with H₂O₂. The corresponding water content of sludge cakes and the capillary suction time reduction efficiency were 57.88 wt% and 69.76%, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ supported in the RMRS-BC structure was used as a catalyst to produce heterogeneous reaction, and the Fe²⁺ leached from the RMRS-BC after acidification happened homogeneous reaction. Double Fenton reaction in sludge conditioning enhanced the production efficiency of ·OH, the sludge flocs were dispersed into smaller particles, more bound water from the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was released, and sludge dewaterability performance was improved. Another main mechanism for enhancing dewaterability was to use RMRS-BC as a skeleton builder to reduce the compressibility of sludge cakes and facilitated free water to flow out. In summary, the Fenton oxidation method activated by RMRS-BC is feasible in improving sludge dewatering.