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COVID-19 diagnosis and testing in pediatric heart transplant recipients

Matthew J Bock1, Micheal A Kuhn1, Richard E Chinnock1

  • 1Pediatric Cardiology, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California.

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation
|July 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric heart transplant patients frequently contract COVID-19, but most infections are asymptomatic and well-tolerated, with a robust antibody response observed. Routine testing aids in early detection and prevents transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pediatric heart transplant recipients are considered at high risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Understanding COVID-19's impact in this vulnerable population is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, and immune response to COVID-19 in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
  • To assess the effectiveness of routine PCR and antibody testing in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of pediatric heart transplant recipients underwent COVID-19 RNA PCR and antibody testing starting March 15, 2020.
  • Outcomes of infected patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 infection occurred in 21% of the cohort, with 55% being asymptomatic.
  • Despite immunosuppression, over 70% showed antibody seroconversion, persisting beyond 90 days.
  • Only 5% required hospital admission, and 0% mortality was observed.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is common but generally well-tolerated in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
  • These patients mount a significant and persistent antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Routine COVID-19 testing is valuable for detecting asymptomatic infections and reducing transmission.

Keywords:
InfectionKEYWORDS: COVID-19Pediatric Heart TransplantSARS-CoV2

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