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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Telomere dysfunction instigates inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Deepavali Chakravarti1, Rumi Lee1, Asha S Multani2

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 13, 2021
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Telomere dysfunction in the gut can trigger inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by activating the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway. Targeting this pathway offers potential new treatments for IBD.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic intestinal inflammation due to genetic and environmental factors disrupting immune balance.
  • Previous research linked telomere dysfunction in murine models to the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway, a key immune regulator in IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway in driving IBD, with a focus on older-onset cases.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway for IBD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intestinal biopsy and organoid specimens from older-onset IBD patients.
  • Experimental induction of telomere dysfunction in organoids from healthy individuals.
  • Pharmacological interventions in organoid models from IBD patients (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease).

Main Results:

  • Telomere dysfunction and ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway activation were observed in older-onset IBD patients' intestinal tissues.
  • Experimental telomere dysfunction activated the inflammatory pathway in healthy organoids.
  • Interventions targeting telomerase, DNA damage signaling, or YAP1 reduced pro-IL-18 in IBD organoids.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere dysfunction in intestinal epithelium can initiate the inflammatory cascade in IBD.
  • The ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway is a relevant driver of IBD pathogenesis.
  • This pathway represents a promising target for novel IBD therapeutic interventions.