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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Neonatal appendicitis: how many sides does this coin have?

I Carrillo Arroyo1, J Rodríguez de Alarcón García1, J Palomar Ramos2

  • 1Pediatric Surgery Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital. Madrid (Spain).

Cirugia Pediatrica : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Cirugia Pediatrica
|July 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal appendicitis is rare and challenging to diagnose in newborns. Early detection is crucial for survival due to high mortality rates associated with this condition.

Keywords:
Amyand’s herniaCongenital hypothyroidismNeonatal appendicitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Neonatal appendicitis is an infrequent surgical emergency.
  • It is linked to immune, vascular, hypoxic, and obstructive factors.
  • Diagnosis is challenging due to rarity and comorbidities in newborns.

Observation:

  • Two cases of neonatal appendicitis are presented.
  • Case 1: 15-day-old with hypothyroidism, abdominal distension, sepsis, and appendicular plastron.
  • Case 2: 27-week preterm infant with necrotizing enterocolitis and an incarcerated inguinal hernia (Amyand's hernia).

Findings:

  • Neonatal appendicitis presents with diverse clinical characteristics.
  • Associated conditions like hypothyroidism and necrotizing enterocolitis can complicate diagnosis.
  • Amyand's hernia is a rare presentation of neonatal appendicitis.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving survival rates.
  • Increased awareness is needed among neonatologists and pediatric surgeons.
  • Further research into the pathophysiology and management of neonatal appendicitis is warranted.