Polyorchidism in pediatric patients: a case report and a literature review

Polyorchidism or testicular duplication is defined as the histologically confirmed presence of more than two testes. This is the case of a full left testicular duplication in an 11-year-old patient presenting with occasional pain in the left hemiscrotum. At physical exploration, a palpable scrotal mass was detected. An ultrasonography was performed, which revealed the presence of testicular duplicity. Diagnostic suspicion was confirmed by means of a nuclear MRI and a histopathological study following excision. Polyorchidism is a rare abnormality requiring a high degree of suspicion in the presence of an extratesticular mass. Most authors advocate conservative treatment and follow-up in the absence of pain, cryptorchidism, tumors, and unclear diagnosis.