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Particulate matter exposure is highly correlated to pediatric asthma exacerbation

Xin Yang1, Yuanyuan Zhang1, Xueqin Zhan1

  • 1Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Aging
|July 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Particulate matter (PM) exposure is linked to increased pediatric asthma visits, particularly in young children. PM worsens allergic airway inflammation, suggesting Interleukin-33 (IL-33) as a potential therapeutic target for asthma exacerbation.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence asthma's heterogeneity and severity.
  • Particulate matter (PM) is increasingly recognized for its role in asthma exacerbation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms linking PM exposure to pediatric asthma is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between ambient PM concentrations and pediatric asthma exacerbation.
  • To explore the underlying biological mechanisms of PM-induced asthma exacerbation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for mitigating PM's impact on pediatric asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large cohort of pediatric asthma visits (N=16,779,739) linked to local PM data (2013-2017).
  • Establishment of a house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse model with PM intervention.
  • Assessment of the role of IL-33 in PM-aggravated airway inflammation using neutralizing antibodies.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between higher PM concentrations and increased pediatric asthma visits, especially in children under 6 years old.
  • PM exposure exacerbated HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation in the animal model.
  • Administration of an IL-33 neutralizing antibody demonstrated a protective effect against PM-induced exacerbation.

Conclusions:

  • Particulate matter is identified as a significant risk factor contributing to pediatric asthma exacerbation.
  • The study highlights the role of IL-33 in the inflammatory response to PM in asthma.
  • IL-33 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for managing PM-related pediatric asthma.

Keywords:
airway inflammationasthmaemergency department visitsparticulate matterpediatrics

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